Dynamic component simulation

Use Dynamic in a component workspace to integrate one propeller, motor or battery independently. Select a source, a horizon and controls, then run through the same component API used by the dashboard.

Propeller trajectories combine production Fast/Full section loading with Øye annular induction states; torque-driven runs also integrate shaft inertia. Time constants can be measured overrides or the documented convective estimate. Airfoil sections remain quasi-steady: this does not add dynamic stall or a complete wake-skew model. Motor trajectories integrate averaged dq-peak currents, shaft speed and two-node temperature; switching ripple appears in losses instead of a switching waveform. The current motor boundary supports ungeared, linear-flux surface-PMSM parameters. Battery trajectories carry SOC, RC polarization and core/case temperatures, with cutoff; they do not add aging or dynamic hysteresis.

Point, Sweep, Target, Optimize, Sensitivity and propeller model comparison remain available. Constraints determine feasibility. Only an explicit objective produces ranks. Dynamic objectives can use terminal values, peaks, minima, time-weighted means, supplied energy or time to an output event. Unreached events are unavailable and cannot win a target objective. Independent evaluations reset initial state; native chunks preserve full continuation within one evaluation.

Profiles use hold or linear interpolation. Reporting intervals control the saved plot samples; native accepted states control peaks, energy and event timing. Jobs retain results for 24 hours. Cancellation becomes pending while a bounded native chunk finishes, then retains the partial history. Partial or unconverged runs remain unranked.

JSON exports include the request, provenance, scalar results and complete reported trajectories. CSV exports contain summary rows and trajectory rows distinguished by row_type, with canonical API units. A coarse output interval can omit short current peaks from the plotted samples even though the scalar peak comes from internal states; shorten the horizon and output interval when inspecting fast electrical transients.

Steady or dynamic

Steady retains existing operating-point behavior. Dynamic integrates component states over a specified horizon; search modes still use the same optional objective and constraints.

Propeller control

Prescribed RPM follows an ideal imposed history. Applied torque integrates shaft speed from applied torque, aerodynamic loading and rotational inertia.

Motor drive

Throttle uses an averaged FOC or six-step drive. dq voltage prescribes bounded phase-axis voltages; current, speed and thermal states still evolve.

Applied shaft torque

Externally applied drive torque; aerodynamic torque and inertia determine RPM.

Dynamic horizon

Requested simulation duration. Charge/voltage cutoff, cancellation, model failure or work limits can end a trajectory earlier.

Reporting interval

Spacing of saved output rows, independent of internal integration steps. At most 2000 rows per trajectory and 20000 per analysis job.

Initial component state

Each independent evaluation resets the actual native states. Continuation between chunks carries them without resetting current, wake, temperature or battery polarization.

Initial wake

Equilibrium starts with the current operating point's solved induction. Zero starts without developed induction and resolves its evolution.

Aerodynamic lag

Øye's two-stage annular induction reaches the production blade velocity triangle and changes forces. Sections remain quasi-steady; dynamic stall and a wake-skew history are not modeled.

Wake time constant

Optional positive slow-stage time constant; radial fast-stage constants follow the Øye relation. Without an override, a documented convective estimate covers hover and flight.

Rotational inertia

Positive shaft inertia in account units. An override supplies measured inertia; otherwise the component's measured or estimated mass distribution is used.

Geometry inertia policy

Fixed measured inertia holds a deliberately controlled comparison. Uniform-density similarity scales baseline mass and inertia with diameter, chord and thickness changes.

External shaft inertia

Additional load inertia on a standalone motor shaft, summed with the component's rotor inertia. It does not insert a propeller or another motor.

Time profile

Profile rows override operating controls cumulatively from time zero. Omitted channels retain their previous value. Explicit profile controls cannot also be independent constant search axes.

Profile channels

Select supported numerical operating controls. Inflow, supply, load and atmospheric channels use the same canonical API units as fixed inputs.

Profile time

Absolute time from simulation start. The first row is zero; later times strictly increase and stay within the horizon.

Profile interpolation

Hold preserves a row until the next timestamp. Linear interpolates numerical controls between rows; it cannot interpolate different load types.

Output event

Measure the first instantaneous output threshold that remains met for the specified dwell. The run continues to measure later peaks, energy and temperature.

Event observable

Choose an instantaneous physical channel, distinct from a peak, mean or terminal search objective.

Event threshold direction

At least records an upward threshold crossing; at most records a downward crossing. Dwell requires the condition to remain met.

Event threshold

Canonical output threshold expressed in the account's units. Time to event is unavailable when the trajectory never reaches it.

Event dwell

Continuous time the threshold must remain met. Zero records the crossing itself; accepted native states determine timing rather than reporting samples.

Integration controls

Internal step and attempted-work bounds control numerical work. Reporting cadence controls saved rows. Work limits include rejected steps and cutoff localization.

Maximum internal step

Upper bound on internal integration time increments. Native adaptive and battery stability limits can require smaller steps.

Attempts per trajectory

Maximum accepted and rejected internal attempts for one evaluation. Native chunks contain at most 64 attempts so cancellation can be checked.

Attempts per job

Aggregate attempted-work cap across candidates, conditions, models and search points, including failures. It is separate from the evaluation budget.

Profile scale axis

Multiply explicit profile samples by a bounded factor. The source profile remains unchanged; unsupported or out-of-domain transformed controls are rejected.

Profile offset axis

Add a bounded canonical increment to explicit profile samples. Temperature offsets use temperature differences, so Fahrenheit's absolute offset does not enter.

Initial RC polarization

Optional per-branch initial polarization voltages broadcast to physical cells. At most three branches, and no more than the chemistry's configured ladder.

Dynamic trajectory

Time histories come from native integration. Partial trajectories remain inspectable but cannot win an objective. Peaks, means and events use accepted internal observations.

Trajectory quantity

Choose a physical time-history channel. Unit preference changes display only; stored values and exports use canonical API units.

Initial RPM

Initial native state, reset before each independent trajectory.

Initial q-axis current

Initial native state, reset before each independent trajectory.

Initial d-axis current

Initial native state, reset before each independent trajectory.

Initial winding temperature

Initial native state, reset before each independent trajectory. Without an override the initial temperature follows ambient.

Initial magnet temperature

Initial native state, reset before each independent trajectory. Without an override the initial temperature follows ambient.

Initial charge

Initial native state, reset before each independent trajectory.

Initial temperature

Initial native state, reset before each independent trajectory. Without an override the initial temperature follows ambient.

d-axis voltage

Averaged direct-axis phase voltage.

q-axis voltage

Averaged quadrature-axis phase voltage.

Applied shaft power

Power applied by the external shaft drive; includes rotational acceleration in torque-driven runs.

Rotational energy

Kinetic energy stored in the represented rotational inertia.

Peak rpm

Maximum over accepted native integration states, independent of the reporting interval.

Minimum rpm

Minimum over accepted native integration states, independent of the reporting interval.

Mean rpm

Time-weighted mean over accepted native integration states, independent of the reporting interval.

Peak thrust

Maximum over accepted native integration states, independent of the reporting interval.

Minimum thrust

Minimum over accepted native integration states, independent of the reporting interval.

Mean thrust

Time-weighted mean over accepted native integration states, independent of the reporting interval.

Peak torque

Maximum over accepted native integration states, independent of the reporting interval.

Minimum torque

Minimum over accepted native integration states, independent of the reporting interval.

Mean torque

Time-weighted mean over accepted native integration states, independent of the reporting interval.

Peak shaft power

Maximum over accepted native integration states, independent of the reporting interval.

Minimum shaft power

Minimum over accepted native integration states, independent of the reporting interval.

Mean shaft power

Time-weighted mean over accepted native integration states, independent of the reporting interval.

Peak applied shaft power

Maximum over accepted native integration states, independent of the reporting interval.

Minimum applied shaft power

Minimum over accepted native integration states, independent of the reporting interval.

Mean applied shaft power

Time-weighted mean over accepted native integration states, independent of the reporting interval.

Peak rotational energy

Maximum over accepted native integration states, independent of the reporting interval.

Minimum rotational energy

Minimum over accepted native integration states, independent of the reporting interval.

Mean rotational energy

Time-weighted mean over accepted native integration states, independent of the reporting interval.

Peak in-plane force

Maximum over accepted native integration states, independent of the reporting interval.

Minimum in-plane force

Minimum over accepted native integration states, independent of the reporting interval.

Mean in-plane force

Time-weighted mean over accepted native integration states, independent of the reporting interval.

Peak tip mach

Maximum over accepted native integration states, independent of the reporting interval.

Minimum tip mach

Minimum over accepted native integration states, independent of the reporting interval.

Mean tip mach

Time-weighted mean over accepted native integration states, independent of the reporting interval.

Supplied energy

Net energy supplied over the trajectory; motor regeneration can make it negative.

Shaft work

Integrated aerodynamic shaft work for props or external shaft-load work for motors.

Time to output event

First threshold crossing satisfying dwell, measured on accepted integration states; unavailable if unreached.

Elapsed time

Actual completed or partial simulated horizon.

q-axis current

Actual averaged dq-peak torque-axis current state.

d-axis current

Actual averaged dq-peak direct-axis current state.

Rotational energy

Kinetic energy stored in the represented rotational inertia.

Peak rpm

Maximum over accepted native integration states, independent of the reporting interval.

Minimum rpm

Minimum over accepted native integration states, independent of the reporting interval.

Mean rpm

Time-weighted mean over accepted native integration states, independent of the reporting interval.

Peak supply current

Maximum over accepted native integration states, independent of the reporting interval.

Minimum supply current

Minimum over accepted native integration states, independent of the reporting interval.

Mean supply current

Time-weighted mean over accepted native integration states, independent of the reporting interval.

Peak phase current

Maximum over accepted native integration states, independent of the reporting interval.

Minimum phase current

Minimum over accepted native integration states, independent of the reporting interval.

Mean phase current

Time-weighted mean over accepted native integration states, independent of the reporting interval.

Peak q-axis current

Maximum over accepted native integration states, independent of the reporting interval.

Minimum q-axis current

Minimum over accepted native integration states, independent of the reporting interval.

Mean q-axis current

Time-weighted mean over accepted native integration states, independent of the reporting interval.

Peak d-axis current

Maximum over accepted native integration states, independent of the reporting interval.

Minimum d-axis current

Minimum over accepted native integration states, independent of the reporting interval.

Mean d-axis current

Time-weighted mean over accepted native integration states, independent of the reporting interval.

Peak shaft power

Maximum over accepted native integration states, independent of the reporting interval.

Minimum shaft power

Minimum over accepted native integration states, independent of the reporting interval.

Mean shaft power

Time-weighted mean over accepted native integration states, independent of the reporting interval.

Peak electrical power

Maximum over accepted native integration states, independent of the reporting interval.

Minimum electrical power

Minimum over accepted native integration states, independent of the reporting interval.

Mean electrical power

Time-weighted mean over accepted native integration states, independent of the reporting interval.

Peak rotational energy

Maximum over accepted native integration states, independent of the reporting interval.

Minimum rotational energy

Minimum over accepted native integration states, independent of the reporting interval.

Mean rotational energy

Time-weighted mean over accepted native integration states, independent of the reporting interval.

Peak winding temperature

Maximum over accepted native integration states, independent of the reporting interval.

Minimum winding temperature

Minimum over accepted native integration states, independent of the reporting interval.

Mean winding temperature

Time-weighted mean over accepted native integration states, independent of the reporting interval.

Peak magnet temperature

Maximum over accepted native integration states, independent of the reporting interval.

Minimum magnet temperature

Minimum over accepted native integration states, independent of the reporting interval.

Mean magnet temperature

Time-weighted mean over accepted native integration states, independent of the reporting interval.

Peak motor losses

Maximum over accepted native integration states, independent of the reporting interval.

Minimum motor losses

Minimum over accepted native integration states, independent of the reporting interval.

Mean motor losses

Time-weighted mean over accepted native integration states, independent of the reporting interval.

Peak esc losses

Maximum over accepted native integration states, independent of the reporting interval.

Minimum esc losses

Minimum over accepted native integration states, independent of the reporting interval.

Mean esc losses

Time-weighted mean over accepted native integration states, independent of the reporting interval.

Supplied energy

Net energy supplied over the trajectory; motor regeneration can make it negative.

Shaft work

Integrated aerodynamic shaft work for props or external shaft-load work for motors.

Time to output event

First threshold crossing satisfying dwell, measured on accepted integration states; unavailable if unreached.

Elapsed time

Actual completed or partial simulated horizon.

Peak terminal voltage

Maximum over accepted native integration states, independent of the reporting interval.

Minimum terminal voltage

Minimum over accepted native integration states, independent of the reporting interval.

Mean terminal voltage

Time-weighted mean over accepted native integration states, independent of the reporting interval.

Peak load current

Maximum over accepted native integration states, independent of the reporting interval.

Minimum load current

Minimum over accepted native integration states, independent of the reporting interval.

Mean load current

Time-weighted mean over accepted native integration states, independent of the reporting interval.

Peak load power

Maximum over accepted native integration states, independent of the reporting interval.

Minimum load power

Minimum over accepted native integration states, independent of the reporting interval.

Mean load power

Time-weighted mean over accepted native integration states, independent of the reporting interval.

Peak remaining charge

Maximum over accepted native integration states, independent of the reporting interval.

Minimum remaining charge

Minimum over accepted native integration states, independent of the reporting interval.

Mean remaining charge

Time-weighted mean over accepted native integration states, independent of the reporting interval.

Peak core temperature

Maximum over accepted native integration states, independent of the reporting interval.

Minimum core temperature

Minimum over accepted native integration states, independent of the reporting interval.

Mean core temperature

Time-weighted mean over accepted native integration states, independent of the reporting interval.

Peak case temperature

Maximum over accepted native integration states, independent of the reporting interval.

Minimum case temperature

Minimum over accepted native integration states, independent of the reporting interval.

Mean case temperature

Time-weighted mean over accepted native integration states, independent of the reporting interval.

Load work

Integrated terminal load power. The shared shaft_energy_wh API field equals delivered energy for batteries; a battery has no mechanical shaft.

Time to output event

First threshold crossing satisfying dwell, measured on accepted integration states; unavailable if unreached.