PLATFORM

The solver, in depth — and the proof.

ThrustLab couples the battery, ESC, motor, and propeller into one converged operating point — over a curated catalog of thousands of motors, propellers, and batteries, or parts you build yourself and export to CAD. This page is how that solve works, and how it's checked, case by case, against measured wind-tunnel data.

Coupled solver

One power path, every loss in the loop.

A calculator chains four independent lookups. ThrustLab solves the whole bus at once: the pack's loaded voltage sets the motor's operating point, the motor loads the propeller, and the propeller's draw feeds back to the pack — converged together so a change anywhere propagates everywhere.

Battery packV · I suppliedvoltage sagI·R cell droopESCswitched DCswitching +conductionMotorshaft τ · ωcopper + iron,field weakeningPropelleraerodynamicprofile +induced dragUseful thrustT · Vloaded operating point feeds back

Schematic of the modeled loss mechanisms at each stage — the actual power split depends on your motor, propeller, pack, and operating point.

What it models

The physics behind the operating point

ThrustLab solves the whole powertrain as one nonlinear system. These are the effects it captures — not a chain of independent lookup tables.

Battery voltage sag

Internal-resistance droop under load, computed per cell, so the pack voltage the motor sees is the real loaded voltage rather than the nameplate.

ESC losses

Switching and conduction losses, with a choice of six-step or field-oriented commutation and adjustable timing advance.

Motor electromagnetics

Field weakening, six-step modulation, and a torque-balance current solve, so RPM and current land where the magnetics actually put them.

Coupled operating point

Battery, ESC, motor, and propeller solved together to a converged point, so a change anywhere propagates everywhere.

Motor thermal

Winding and magnet temperatures from a size-scaled model with slipstream or cowling cooling, evaluated over the flight duration instead of an infinite hover.

Battery thermal

Per-cell core and case heating across the pack, coupled back into discharge so hot cells sag harder.

Compressibility

Blade-tip Mach is tracked and flagged when a tip approaches the compressible regime.

Build your own

Scan or design a blade, then export the solid to CAD.

Scan a real propeller from a photo, generate one from a design point, or draw the blade station by station. The swept 3D body you build goes straight to STEP, IGES, or STL for manufacturing — the same lofted geometry the solver runs.

A representative generated 3-blade racing-prop design, lofted from its per-station airfoil sections. Geometry only — no performance claims.

Validation

The predictions land on the measured data.

Every point is one of 2,659 measured cases from the UIUC propeller wind-tunnel database. The tighter the cloud hugs the 1:1 line, the closer ThrustLab's blade-element-momentum prediction sits to reality — thrust on the left, power on the right.

-0.017-0.0170.0210.0210.0580.0580.0960.0960.130.13R² 0.953MAE 0.00721:1measured C_Tpredicted C_T
-0.002-0.0020.0150.0150.0320.0320.0500.0500.0670.067R² 0.937MAE 0.00321:1measured C_Ppredicted C_P

Predicted vs. measured thrust (C_T) and power (C_P) coefficients — propellerlab vortex_bem solver over the UIUC database (Selig et al.), N = 2,659. The scatter is a representative sample of the full set; R² and MAE are computed across all 2,659 cases. Engineering estimates, not certified data.

Across the envelope

One propeller, every operating point.

Thrust and power coefficients for the APC 12x10E as advance ratio sweeps from hover toward the prop's zero-thrust point. The copper line is ThrustLab's prediction; the dots are the measured wind-tunnel data it's checked against — one of the 17 propellers (12-to-21-inch APC blades) in the validation set.

ThrustLab predictedUIUC wind tunnel
0.360.520.680.841.00-0.0150.0170.0500.0820.115advance ratio Jthrust C_T
0.360.520.680.841.000.0060.0210.0360.0510.066advance ratio Jpower C_P

APC 12x10E at 5,019 RPM, propellerlab vortex_bem solver vs. UIUC measured data. Engineering estimates, not certified data.

Methodology

Physics first, coefficients in the solver.

The propeller solver runs blade-element-momentum theory over the real blade geometry, then is checked against measured thrust and power from the UIUC propeller wind-tunnel database. The methodology is open about its scope; the fitted coefficients stay inside the solver. Results are engineering estimates, not certified data — always bench-test before committing a real build.

More on validation →

Build it in the solver before you build it in metal

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Platform | ThrustLab